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Definition of electric current

The invention of electricity is one of the most important inventions known to humanity. Electricity is an essential part of our daily life, and it has made it easier for people to do a lot of work that was previously done manually. Before the invention of electricity, the process of washing clothes, for example, was manual, which required effort and time, but the invention of electricity paved the way for the invention of the electric washing machine, and other electrical appliances such as irons, lamps, and brooms.

 

An electric current arrives from power plants to homes, factories, institutions, etc., and it is a torrent of negative electric charges that move regularly and in a specific direction, and the electric current cannot be seen, but we feel its impact on the operation of electrical appliances.

 

  Materials are divided in terms of their ability to transmit electric current into: conductors of any materials that allow the passage and transmission of electric current in them, such as copper wires, and insulators of any materials that do not allow the passage of electric current in them, such as ebonite rods and plastic sheets.

Effects of electric current

 

Since the electric current cannot be seen with the eye, but rather through its effects in our lives, which are:

 

 

thermal effect

The passage of electric current in the wires leads to a high temperature, and these wires may burn if the temperature increases in them; This confirms the effect of thermal electricity, which was used by scientists in many applications. As a result, the electric stove, the iron, the electric heater, the electric lamp with a wire, and others were manufactured.

 

photoperiod

The electric current has a light effect; It spreads light when it passes through lamps that contain noble gases such as neon gas. The neon lamp glows with light when an electric current passes through it. It does not contain a wire that heats up and lights up like a light bulb with a wire.

 

 

magnetic effect

Physicists proved that electricity has a magnetic effect when a compass was placed and its needle was left until it stabilized, then they placed a wire parallel to it above this needle; With the two ends of the wire connected to a dry battery and a circuit breaker - a key to open and close the electrical circuit -; They noticed that when the incisor is closed, the needle deviates from its original position; Which confirms the magnetic effect of electricity.

 

chemical effect

 

 

When passing an electric current in a solution, this leads to the dissolution of the solution into its components. Therefore, this application is used in plating processes. Scientists have found that when two platinum plates are dipped in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution in a glass container, and then the two plates are connected to an electric current source, they notice the formation of gas bubbles around the two plates. After analyzing the nature of these bubbles, it turns out that they are oxygen gas, gas Hydrogen makes up water.